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The 8 major cuisines of China


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#1 Liang Jieming

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Posted 25 October 2004 - 02:45 AM

8 Major Cuisines of China

China consists of many different regions and sub-cultures. From
the coastal areas to the dry interior to the lofty mountain plateaus,
Chinese cuisine has a wonderful range, reflecting the cultures of
it's people and it's varied geography.

Through there is much mix and overlap in the types of cuisine in
China, the major types can be categorised into 8 major categories.
Each cuisine is distinctive and brings it's own style and flavour.
Yummy!

1. Chuan (川)
Sichuan Cuisine

2. Jing (京)
Beijing Cuisine

3. Lu (鲁)
Shandong Cuisine

4. Su (苏)
Jiangsu Cuisine

5. Hui (徽)
Anhui Cuisine

6. Xiang (湘)
Hunan (Mandarin) Cuisine

7. Min (闽)
Fujian Cuisine

8 .Yue (粤)
Guangzhou (Cantonese) Cuisine


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Edited by General_Zhaoyun, 16 May 2005 - 12:10 PM.


#2 snowybeagle

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Posted 26 October 2004 - 11:01 AM

A good start, but deserves more elaboration.
One good way to hook foreigners to be more interested in culture is through the stomach.
Even a Chinese is seldom familiar with all the major cuisines, much less the cuisine of all the minorities.

01. SiChuan Cuisine (四川菜系 - 川菜)

Characteristic: Strong in spiciness and flavour.

Major Centres: ChengDu (成都), ChongQing (重庆)

Examples:
* Diced Chicken with Dried Chilli (宮保雞丁)
* Tea Smoked Duck (樟茶鴨)
* Twice Cooked Pork (回鍋肉)
* MaPo DouFu (麻婆豆腐)
* SiChuan Hot Pot (毛肚火鍋) (I may be wrong here about the translation)
* Fuqi Feipian (夫妻肺片) - thinly sliced parts of the cow with mouth numbing spices, including the SiChuan Pepper

A common ingredient is the indigenous SiChuan Pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum, 山椒 or 花椒), though technically not a pepper plant.

Not to be confused with also widely used chilli pepper (unseeded), which was only introduced into SiChuan cooking after Columbus' discovery of the New World, probably by Western missionaries (one of their major contributions to China ;) ).

The region's warm and humid climate was the likely cause of widespread use of spices. The same climate also necessitates sophisticated food-preservation techniques which include pickling, salting, drying and smoking


I will add more about the following next time.

ShanDong Cuisine (山东菜系 - 鲁菜) : JiNan (济南) & JiaoDong (胶东)

JiangSu Cuisine (江苏菜系 - 苏菜) : SuZhou (苏州), YangZhou, HangZhou & NanJing

GuangDong Cuisine (广东菜系 - 粵菜) : GuangZhou, ChaoZhou/TeoChew, DongJiang

FuJian Cuisine (福建菜系 - 闽菜) : FuZhou/FooChow, QuanZhou & XiaMen

ZheJiang Cuisine (浙江菜系 - 浙菜) : HangZhou, NingBo & ShaoXing

AnHui Cuisine (安徽菜系 - 徽菜) : YuanJiang, YuanHuai & HuiZhou

HuNan Cuisine (湖南菜系 - 湘菜) : XiangJiang, DongTingHu & XiangXiShan

#3 snowybeagle

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Posted 27 October 2004 - 05:41 AM

02. ShanDong Cuisine (山东菜系 - 鲁菜)

Characteristic: clear, pure and not greasy, emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness.

(1) Prepared with a wide variety of materials. Jiaodong Peninsula is rich in marine resources. Jiaodong dishes are mainly made of aquatic products. People in Jinan and Jiving like to prepare cuisine with mountain delicacies and seafood delights, melons, fruits, vegetables and peppers.

(2) A pure, strong and mellow taste, rather than a mixed taste. Chefs are good at using onions and seasonings.

(3) Shandong Cuisine is known for its excellent seafood dishes and delicious soup.

(4) Chefs excel at preparing clear, smell, crisp, tender and delicious dishes by frying, stirring and steaming.

Shandong cuisine can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770-221BC). It was quickly developed in the South and North Dynasty (960-1279), and was recognized as an important style of cooking in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Shangdong cuisine is representative of northern China's cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed in northeast China.

Major Centres: JiNan (济南) & JiaoDong (胶东)

Examples:
* Stir Fried Prawns
* Fried Sea Cucumbers with Onions
* Sweet and Sour Carp
* Large Jiaodong Chicken Wings
* Taishan Fish with Red Scales
* Confucious Banquet

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#4 Liang Jieming

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Posted 27 October 2004 - 10:59 PM

snowybeagle, you are fantastic! Thanks and keep them coming. I'm learning a lot here!

Jieming
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#5 snowybeagle

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Posted 28 October 2004 - 10:58 AM

Thanks and keep them coming.  I'm learning a lot here!

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>


Thanks for the encouragement.

03. JiangSu Cuisine (江苏菜系 - 苏菜)

Major Centres : SuZhou (苏州), YangZhou (扬州), HangZhou (杭州) & NanJing (南京)

Consists of four cuisine styles, namely Huaiyang Cuisine (Yangzhou and HuaiAn), Jingming Cuisine (Zhenjiang and Nanjing), Suxi Cuisine (Suzhou and Wuxi), and Xuhai (Xuzhou and Lianyungang).

Characteristics : Light tasting, crisp and fragrant, attention to shape & colour combination in presentation. (清淡, 酥香)

(1) Distinguished for exquisite ingredients, freshness and aliveness.
(2) High cutting techniques.
(3) Have a good command of duration and degree of heating and cooking.
(4) Good at keeping the original taste one particular taste for one dish.

All dishes have light, mellow and refreshing tastes. Yangzhou Cuisine is light and elegant; Suzhou Cuisine is slightly sweet; and Wuxi Cuisine is fairly sweet. (5) Pay great attention to soup, which is strong but not greasy, and delicious.

The cooking require skills in the following cooking techniques:
(1) Stew (炖)
(2) Shimmer or cooked in a covered vessel (焖)
(3) Pan-Fry (煎)
(4) Saute/to fry (炒)
(5) Roast (烧)

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Snacks: Jiangsu Province is noted for various kinds of snacks, with both vegetable or meat tilling, beautiful shapes and delicious tastes, such as Sanding Steamed Bun, Suzhou Glutinous Rice Cake, Dumpling with Juicy Crab Meat Filling, Huai'an Fried Dough Twist in Tea, Changshou Red Glutinous Rice with Lotus Seeds, Wenha Cake, snacks for the boats on Taihu Lake, Huangqiao Baked Cake, etc.


Famous dishes
* Steamed Silver Carp (清蒸鲋鱼)
* Sand Perch in Lotus Leaf (荷包鲫鱼)
* Nanjing Pressed Salted Duck (南京板鸭)

Banquets

Zhenjiang QianLong Imperial Banquet
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During the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong made six inspections of the areas to the south of the Yangtze River. During his inspections, the emperor would stay in Zhenjiang and taste various kinds of delicacies and snacks.

Zhenjiang Qianlong Imperial Banquet consists of a wide variety of meticulously made dishes. There are four different kinds of menus for four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Famous dishes include Golden Hill Buddha, Eight-taste Dish, Swallow Flying to the Moon, etc.

Number One Banquet of JiangSu
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Suzhou is a famous land of fish and rice in China. Thanks to the efforts in the past ages, chefs of Suzhou have summed up a series of cooking skills, featuring the combination of Chinese and Western techniques, the combination of meat and vegetables, and the combination of fruits and vegetables. No. l Banquet of South Jiangsu is the best representative.

No. 1 Banquet of South Jiangsu includes the following dishes: Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish, Orchid Crab Meat and Shark's Fin, Rose and Hedgehog, A Hundred Flowers Vying with Each Other for Blossoming, Scenes of Ancient Suzhou, in addition to snacks for tourists on boat.

Xuzhou Han Imperial Palace Banquet

Xuzhou enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad for its Han culture and cuisine. After a long study of the quintessence of the cuisine and cooking techniques of the Western and Eastern Han dynasties, Xuzhou chefs have created the Han Imperial Palace Banquet, full of the characteristics of the Han Dynasty cuisine in the colour, smell, taste and shape.

Longcheng Dongpo Banquet
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Su Dongpo was not only a famous writer in ancient China, but also a true gourmet. The Changzhou Hotel and Changzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles jointly made a research on Su Dongpo's diet culture and developed "Longcheng Dongpo Banquet."

Dongpo Banquet consists of three parts: Dongpo refreshments, Dongpo banquet wine and Dongpo banquet dishes. Each dish served at the banquet is meticulously made by chefs, featuring a bright color, sweet smell, refreshing taste and beautiful shape, just like an art work

#6 Zuo Zongtang

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Posted 10 March 2005 - 08:24 PM

snowybeagle, Did you forget about this???
"嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉" -陈胜

Sun Tzu found alive!

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#7 snowybeagle

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Posted 10 March 2005 - 10:35 PM

snowybeagle, Did you forget about this???


Not really, just thought that no one else was keen, so I stopped.

What I am really hoping for is contributions from those who have first hand knowledge and experience, rather than myself who has less direct exposure.

The problem with food is that just talking about it is somewhat ... unsatisfactory. Having pictures made it the yearning worse, we must eat eat eat in order to fully satisfy our cravings.

Anyway, if you're keen, I will look up the references and try to find some online pictures again.

#8 lobster

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Posted 10 March 2005 - 11:36 PM

Hmm, I'm not sure if anyone here can stand the Xiang (Hunan) style. :haha:

No I am not from Hunan and I cannot stand Hunan style cuisine.

#9 snowybeagle

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Posted 18 March 2005 - 02:19 AM

[since lobster brought up HuNan cuisine, I will jump to this item first.
Hopefully, it will make the cuisine more familiar to everyone.
]

04. HuNan Cuisine (湖南菜系 - 湘菜)

Major Centres : Xiang river (湘江), DongTing Lake (洞庭湖), XiangXi (湘西) mountain regions

Geographically, the region enjoyed the mild climate. The hills and basins SE of Xiang provided abundance of farm and pastoral products, as well as river catches. W of Xiang are mountains, rich in bamboo shoots (笋), edible fungus such as mushrooms (蕈) and other game.

History:
The origins traced back to the Western Han dynasty. The region of Chang Sha (长沙) combine game, fish and bird (wild and domestic) as ingredients, cooking techniques of steaming, double boil (熬), and broil (炙) etc., producing a variety of delectables. Archeological evidences showed a highly developed food preparation going back to the Chu era during the Zhou dynasty.

Seasonings such as sauce (酱), salt (盐), vinegar (醋), (曲), sugar (糖), honey (蜜), ginger (姜), cinnamon (桂皮) and pepper (花椒) were used back then.

Characteristics:
(1) Heavy in oil (油重)
(2) Rich in colour (色浓)
(3) Emphasis on sour and spicy tastes (酸辣)
(4) Fragrant (香鲜)
(5) Soft and tender (软嫩)

Cooking techniques:
(1) Steaming (蒸)
(2) Simmering (煨)
(3) Stewing (炖)
(4) Curing/Preserving (腊)
(5) Fry (炒)

Furthermore, the chef must master more than 16 techniques on using the knives.
This was not only for presentation, but also for preparation. For example, in 红煨八宝鸡 or Red Simmered Chicken with 8 Treasures, the entire chicken must be skinned without cutting into the flesh.

Famous dishes
(1) Shark fin in soya sauce (组庵鱼翅/红煨鱼翅)
(2) Spicy chicken (麻辣子鸡)
(3) Steamed soft-shelled turtle

(4) Meat Steamed and Cured (腊味合蒸)
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(5) Fish head with chillies
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Commoners' Dishes
(1) Farmers' Pork Dish (农家小炒肉)
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(2) Mao's Stewed Pork (毛氏红烧肉)
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Some website references: (all in Chinese)
湘菜小史 http://www.chinesefo...files/00720.htm
湖南菜系 — 湘菜 http://www.ejicai.co.../zgcx/hunan.htm
中国湘菜网 http://www.xiangcai.net/

Edited by snowybeagle, 04 April 2005 - 03:11 AM.


#10 Enkidu

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Posted 18 March 2005 - 04:39 AM

Each cuisine is distinctive and brings it's own style and flavour.
Yummy!
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What happened to my favourite laksa, bah-kua, popiah, char-kuey teow, fried rice, clay-pot noodles??? :lol:

#11 snowybeagle

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Posted 18 March 2005 - 04:49 AM

What happened to my favourite laksa, bah-kua, popiah, char-kuey teow, fried rice, clay-pot noodles??? :lol:


Some of them did not seem to have originated from China but in south-east Asia ...

Laksa is a truly fusion dish.

Bak-Kua seemed to be a formed of cured meat originating from FuJian, IIRC.

#12 Zuo Zongtang

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Posted 18 March 2005 - 07:08 PM

Reading this is making me drool.

Is it trure that Sichuan people enjoy eating spices that numbs your mouth?
"嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉" -陈胜

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#13 lobster

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Posted 18 March 2005 - 07:13 PM

Hmm? I always think Hunan cuisine is more hot and spicy. All small red chilies... (stereotyping).

#14 TitTauGong

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Posted 23 March 2005 - 09:29 AM

this thread makes me hungry.

#15 Liang Jieming

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Posted 23 March 2005 - 09:04 PM

*growl* *growl* *rumble* rumble*

huh? lunch?




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