[Liu Bei]

I hear that Sun Quan invaded Vietnam, it that true?

[Chen Chun]

Liu Bei, on Mar 23 2006, 08:28 PM, said:

I hear that Sun Quan invaded Vietnam, it that true?

He controlled most of Northern Vietnam. Check below:

Quote

In 224 and 225, Cao Pi again made attacks on Eastern Wu, but each time the Eastern Wu forces were able to repel Cao Wei's with fair ease -- so easily that Cao made the comment, "Heaven created the Yangtze to divide the north and south." However, Sun was himself equally unsuccessful in efforts to make major attacks on Cao Wei. After Cao Pi's death in 226, for example, Sun launched an attack on Cao Wei's Jiangxia Commandery (roughly modern Xiaogan, Hubei) but was forced to withdraw as soon as Cao Wei relief forces arrived despite Cao Pi's recent death. However, later that year, he was able to increase his effective control over Jiao Province (交州, modern northern Vietnam) when his general Lü Dai (呂岱) was able to defeat the warlord Shi Hui (士徽) and end the effective independence that the Shi clan had. In addition, the several independent kingdoms in modern Cambodia, Laos, and southern Vietnam all became Eastern Wu vassals as well.

from para. 20 in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Quan.

[Yun]

Northern Vietnam had been part of the Han Empire since Han Wudi's time - Sun Quan merely inherited it. At the end of the Eastern Han, Northern Vietnam was divided into the Han prefectures of Rinan (south), Jiuzhen (central) and Jiaozhi (north). Together with the prefectures of what is now Guangdong and Guangxi (Nanhai, Hepu, Cangwu and Yulin), it was administered as a single province called Jiaozhou, under a Governor. The capital of Jiaozhou was Nanhai (present-day Guangzhou). Sun Quan came to control Jiaozhou during the Three Kingdoms period, but at first he had to rule the 'Vietnamese' part of it indirectly through the local magnate Shi Sui.

Shi Sui's family was originally from Cangwu but had lived in Vietnam for generations, and his father had been Prefect of Rinan. He was Prefect of Jiaozhi in 187, and seized the governorship of Jiaozhou after Zhu Fu, the corrupt and tyrannical Governor, was assassinated by rebels. Shi also appointed his brothers as prefects in Hepu, Jiuzhen and Nanhai, strengthening his control over the province. The Han court tried to appoint another man named Zhang Jin as Governor, but Zhang was murdered by his general Ou Jing, and the Han court was too busy with the civil wars in the north to manage the situation further. It gave Shi Sui the title of general and allowed him to be acting Governor.

In 210, Sun Quan appointed his minister Bu Zhi as Governor of Jiaozhou, retaining Shi Sui as Prefect of Jiaozhi. Bu Zhi killed Wu Ju, the Prefect of Cangwu Prefecture, who had been appointed by Liu Biao before his death. Wu Ju was a friend of Liu Bei and had refused to accept Sun Quan's authority. Shi Sui pledged allegiance to Sun Quan, and remained Prefect of Jiaozhi until his death in 226. He ruled Jiaozhi as a de facto independent king, and was so respected by the local people that he is still known in Vietnam as King Shi (Si Vuong).

In 220, Bu Zhi was replaced as Jiaozhou Governor by Lu Dai. Shortly after that, Sun Quan split Nanhai, Hepu, Cangwu and Yulin off from Jiaozhou to form a new province called Guangzhou (this was the first appearance of the name Guangzhou in history). Lu Dai was reappointed as Governor of Guangzhou, while Dai Liang was appointed as Governor of Jiaozhou.

After Shi Sui's death, the Wu court appointed his son Shi Hui as Prefect of Jiuzhen. However, Shi Hui wanted to remain as Prefect of Jiaozhi, and rebelled against Wu, using his army to resist Dai Liang. Sun Quan then ordered Lu Dai to attack Shi Hui by sea with 3,000 men. The Wu landing caught Shi Hui by surprise and he and his five brothers were all killed. Lu Dai mopped up resistance in Jiaozhi and then marched into Jiuzhen and destroyed the Shi forces there too, killing tens of thousands.

Sun Quan, seeing that Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen were now under direct rule, merged Jiaozhou and Guangzhou back into one province, and placed it under Lu Dai. However, Rinan prefecture was at this time plagued by rebellion. In 190-193, a 'barbarian' chieftain named Ou Lian (who had been attacking Han garrisons since 137) had captured Xianglin county in Rinan and founded a kingdom called Linyi (better known to scholars as Champa). Linyi expanded northwards through frequent raids in Rinan prefecture, but the Han and Wu courts continued to station Prefects at Rinan to resist the Linyi raids.

Lu Dai was recalled from Jiaozhou in 232 after 6 successful years of ruling the area. But his successors were less successful, and in 248 a rebellion broke out in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen (this was the setting for the Vietnamese story of the woman rebel leader Ba Trieu - a figure not mentioned in Chinese records). Sun Quan appointed Lu Yin as the new Governor, and Lu was able to negotiate the surrender of the rebel leaders and restore order. Lu Yin also defused a Linyi invasion of Jiaozhou and Jiuzhen in the same year by negotiating a truce that recognized Shouleng county as the border between Wu and Linyi.

In 263, the Wu Prefect of Jiaozhi, Sun Xu, was corrupt and cruel, and the people hated him. The Wu ruler Sun Hao sent Deng Xun to Jiaozhi to supervise Sun Xu, but Deng himself abused his power and ordered the local people to collect 3,000 peacocks to send to the Wu court as a gift for Sun Hao. The people then revolted and killed Sun Xu and Deng Xun. Lu Xing, the Jiaozhi official who led the revolt, pledged allegiance to the Wei, who had only just conquered the Shu-Han state and were thus able to advance southwards from Sichuan and take control of Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan. The rest of Jiaozhou (Hepu, Nanhai, Cangwu and Yulin) remained under Wu rule. Sun Hao again split Jiaozhou into Guangzhou (Hepu, Nanhai, Cangwu and Yulin) and Jiaozhou (Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan, now under Wei rule).

In 268, the Wu sent an army to try and retake Jiaozhi, but it was defeated. In 271, another Wu army was sent under Tao Huang, and it succeeded in recapturing Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan. Tao Huang served as Governor of Jiaozhou until the conquest of Wu by Western Jin in 280. Tao surrendered to the Jin army, and was retained as Governor until his death in 297. The Western Jin also retained the Wu division of the Han province of Jiaozhou into Guangzhou and Jiaozhou.

[rockets_fan]

Ba Trieu, from Vietnam, committed suicide after the defeat.

[Yun]

But as I have said, Ba Trieu is only mentioned in Vietnamese histories. Many scholars regard her as mythical.

[Chen Chun]

Yun, on Mar 29 2006, 05:22 AM, said:

But as I have said, Ba Trieu is only mentioned in Vietnamese histories. Many scholars regard her as mythical.

It's interesting how a country's history can give another perspective of what actually happened. In Vietnam, any attempts to overthrow "tyrant rulers" were considered heroes. Then again, I've noticed a lot of countries have origins that are quite mythical, and somehow, I connect with the theory of evolution more than the legends. Still, "historical stories" are very intriguing.