[Hang Li Po]

Almarhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Temenggong Ibrahim (1833–1895) was the first sultan of modern Johor in Malaysia. He began to rule Johor in 1862. He gained the title of Maharaja (Emperor) in 1868 and the title of sultan in 1886.

This Sultan is a wise and the most famous ruler of the state of Johor. Since he was a child, the Sultan received Western education and knew a lot about the ways of ruling of Western countries. He made frequent visits to European countries, especially United Kingdom, to learn how to rule a country.

His wisdom made him a good friend of British traders and rulers. He was also a good friend of Queen Victoria, the queen of United Kingdom at the time. The queen made him the Emperor of Johor in 1868. His Visited Emperor Meiji (Japan) in 1906 and Visited King Mongkut (Siam)

In 1885, Johor signed a treaty with the United Kingdom. Through this treaty, Johor was recognised by the British as an independent state, able to rule itself. Emperor Abu Bakar was also made the Sultan of Johor. He accepted a British officer as a consultant, not an adviser. Unlike other states in the Malay Peninsula, where the Sultan must listen to everything the adviser says, the Sultan of Johor could ignore what a consultant says. He also raised the flag of Johor higher than the flag of the British, to show the higher status of the State of Johor.

He was succeeded by his son, Sultan Ibrahim after his death.

[Genghis_Khan]

I heard he was a Temengung who rob the actual sultan to become the ruler of Johor...

[Hang Li Po]

Genghis_Khan, on May 9 2006, 03:03 PM, said:

I heard he was a Temengung who rob the actual sultan to become the ruler of Johor...

Sultan Mahmud Shah from Malacca fled south to Johor and established the Johore Empire.

Johore Empire Sultanate - Sultan Mahmud Shah ruled from 1511 to 1528, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled from 1528 to 1564, Sultan Muzaffar Shah ruled from 1564 to 1570, Sultan Jalla Abdul Riayat Shah ruled from 1570 to 1597, Sultan Alauddin ruled from 1597 to 1612, Sultan Abdullah Maayat Shah ruled from 1612 to 1623, Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah II ruled from 1623 to 1677, Sultan Ibrahim ruled from 1677 to 1699, Bendahara Abdul Jalil ruled from 1699 to 1717, Sultan Suleiman Badr Al-Aman Shah ruled from 1722 to 1760, Sultan Abdul Jalil Muazzam ruled on 1760 and Sultan Mahmud ruled from 1761 to 1813.

The Assassination of Sultan Mahmud

Sultan Mahmud, the ruler of Johor at the end of the C17th, was a savage and vindictive sadist. He was assassinated in 1699 by a group of nobles, with the killing blow struck by a certain Mergat Seri Rama, whose pregnant wife had been disembowelled at court as a result of Mahmud’s orders. Despite the wickedness of the victim, this was nevertheless a clear case of derhaka – treason – perhaps the blackest crime in the Malay world. Subsequent generations were to look back on the late ruler as their last legitimate leader, because one of the conspirators, unrelated to the Sultan, claimed the throne for himself. Mahmud’s line was ended. It has long been claimed that he was the last genuine ancestor of Iskandar Zulkarnain, Alexander the Great himself, who was thought to have sired Malay kings among many others.

In Johor, Riau and the other island realms, a sense of anarchy permeated the subsequent decades. The people were restive and previous loyalties cast aside as new groups of people were awarded privileges and prizes. Among these were the Bugis, people in search of a homeland. Migration of peoples was a common phenomenon in the Malay world, as changing political and economic considerations inspired peoples to move and try their luck elsewhere. The Bugis originated from the south of Sulawesi and, moving away from persecution, settled in some of the under-used space on the Malayan peninsula. The Bugis achieved a fearsome reputation for the abilities as navigators, traders and warriors. Their first appearance in recorded history is as mercenaries for the Dutch and they are said to have worn chainmail armour that gave them a significant advantage in personal warfare. Throughout the C18th, Bugis people and leaders came to assume ever-increasing levels of influence and power, particularly in Johor-Riau. This was achieved by open warfare, by superiority in trading which brought them into favour with many harbourmasters and through careful planning. The Bugis remained proud of their homeland and their ethnicity and the changes they wrought in society are still felt today. The Orang Laut they supplanted are now remembered, if at all, in terms of later descriptions of them by others as filthy, poor and scarcely human.

Adding to the sense of disconnection in the Malay world during these years was the growth of the Raja Andan. These people were wandering princes. Owing to the practice of polygamy, large numbers of princes found themselves with positions of status and privilege but with no formal position or income. Such people had previously been permitted to enter into international trade but increasingly they set themselves up as commerce raiders and open pirates. The seas were dangerous places to travel.

[Genghis_Khan]

Sultan Ali of Johor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sultan Ali was the sultan of Sultanate of Johor from 1835 to 1877. He was a weak sultan and was overshadowed by his temenggung, Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim. In 1855, he signed a treaty with the British in Singapore. In the treaty, the sultan agreed to transfer all of his powers over Johor to the temenggung with the exception of Kesang which is located in the district of Muar.

When the temenggung died in 1862, the temenggung's son, Abu Bakar took his father's place and assumed control of Johor. With the death of Sultan Ali in 1877, Abu Bakar was installed as the new sultan and was styled as Sultan Abu Bakar.

[Centaur]

The following gives a little background in relation to European power and influence over the politics of Malaysia.

Sultan Mahmud Shah III died in 1811, without Royal heirs and without naming an heir from his surviving sons born of non-Royal wives. A dispute over the succession inevitably followed. The British supported his eldest son, Husain. The Dutch supported Husain's younger half-brother, 'Abdur Rahman. In return for their support, the British secured cession of the island of Singapore. The hinterland, bordering the mouth of the Johor river, continued to be administered by the Temenggong, a great territorial magnate and collateral descendant of the Royal House. The area around Pahang being administered by the Bendahara, a scion of the same family. The European antagonists eventually partitioned the kingdom into three separate states, Johor, Riau and Lingga. Johor came under British protection, Riau and Lingga under the Dutch (see Indonesia). Sultan Husain's son, Sultan 'Ali Iskandar Shah, succeeded him in 1835, but abdicate and ceded his rights over the mainland to Daing Ibrahim, who ruled as the Temenggong Sri Maharaja. Abu Bakar, Ibrahim's son succeeded in 1862.

ref: http://www.4dw.net/r...aysia/johor.htm

Not exactly the kind of sportmanship the British ought to be displaying, but then, it changed history - for Singapore especially.

[Genghis_Khan]

Centuar, on May 10 2006, 02:02 PM, said:

The following gives a little background in relation to European power and influence over the politics of Malaysia.

Sultan Mahmud Shah III died in 1811, without Royal heirs and without naming an heir from his surviving sons born of non-Royal wives. A dispute over the succession inevitably followed. The British supported his eldest son, Husain. The Dutch supported Husain's younger half-brother, 'Abdur Rahman. In return for their support, the British secured cession of the island of Singapore. The hinterland, bordering the mouth of the Johor river, continued to be administered by the Temenggong, a great territorial magnate and collateral descendant of the Royal House. The area around Pahang being administered by the Bendahara, a scion of the same family. The European antagonists eventually partitioned the kingdom into three separate states, Johor, Riau and Lingga. Johor came under British protection, Riau and Lingga under the Dutch (see Indonesia). Sultan Husain's son, Sultan 'Ali Iskandar Shah, succeeded him in 1835, but abdicate and ceded his rights over the mainland to Daing Ibrahim, who ruled as the Temenggong Sri Maharaja. Abu Bakar, Ibrahim's son succeeded in 1862.

ref: http://www.4dw.net/r...aysia/johor.htm

Not exactly the kind of sportmanship the British ought to be displaying, but then, it changed history - for Singapore especially.

So, Abu Bakar was the temenggung Ali's son.

[Centaur]

Genghis_Khan, on May 10 2006, 02:42 PM, said:

So, Abu Bakar was the temenggung Ali's son.

Yup, but he seem to have done a better job than the Sultan Ali!

[Genghis_Khan]

Centuar, on May 11 2006, 08:10 AM, said:

Yup, but he seem to have done a better job than the Sultan Ali!

Can you please list out the job he had done, because as far I know he was Sir Abu Bakar

[Centaur]

Genghis_Khan, on May 11 2006, 08:58 AM, said:

Can you please list out the job he had done, because as far I know he was Sir Abu Bakar

Abu Bakar

(1843?–1895), sultan of Johor. Regarded as the father of modern Johor, Abu Bakar (reigned 1862–1895) presided over the emergence of a fairly prosperous bureaucratic state in Malay with a vibrant commercial agricultural sector. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Johor was the only independent peninsular Malay state; all the others were dominated by foreign powers, including the British. Abu Bakar cultivated close ties with the British. Through his influence, the British were able to impose indirect rule on the Sri Menanti Confederacy (present-day Negeri Semblian, a state in the Federation of Malaysia) and Pahang (also a state in the Federation of Malaysia) in the late 1880s. The British sanctioned his annexation of Muar, a Malay principality nominally under the kingdom of Johor, following the death of Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah of Muar (reigned 1855–1877).

Abu Bakar outmaneuvered the governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir Frederick Weld (governed 1880–1887), by signing a treaty in 1885 with Britain, bypassing Weld and the British Colonial Office. Thereby Abu Bakar was recognized as sultan and an independent ruler. He established the Johor Advisory Board, a quasi-diplomatic representation, in London.

Abu Baker promulgated a written constitution in 1894, a code of laws, and a bureaucratic form of administration. Roads, schools, and hospitals were built. Europeans were engaged as legal and technical advisers to the government. The economy was developed in partnership with Chinese and European entrepreneurs and financiers. Having led an extravagant lifestyle with expensive Anglophile tastes and habits, he died in 1895, bequeathing to his son and successor Ibrahim his kingdom, an empty royal purse, and a hefty debt.

source: http://www.bookrags....u-bakar-ema-01/

Johor's modern history began with Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, the son of Temenggong Abdul Rahman, who was a descendant of Sultan Abdul Jalil IV of Johor. In 1855, under the terms of a treaty between the British in Singapore and Sultan Ali of Johor, control of the state was formally ceded to Dato` Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, who began to develop Johor. Land was opened to Chinese settlers from Singapore, and the cultivation of pepper was initiated, bringing Johor its initial economic base. The Temenggong was succeeded by his son, Dato' Temenggong Abu Bakar, who was formally crowned Sultan of Johor in 1866. Sultan Abu Bakar gave Johor its constitution, developed its modern administrative system, and constructed the Istana Besar--the official residence of the Sultan. He is known today as the Father of Modern Johor.

Source: http://www.geographi.../johistory.html

[Genghis_Khan]

Centuar, on May 11 2006, 09:16 AM, said:

Abu Bakar

(1843?–1895), sultan of Johor. Regarded as the father of modern Johor, Abu Bakar (reigned 1862–1895) presided over the emergence of a fairly prosperous bureaucratic state in Malay with a vibrant commercial agricultural sector. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Johor was the only independent peninsular Malay state; all the others were dominated by foreign powers, including the British. Abu Bakar cultivated close ties with the British. Through his influence, the British were able to impose indirect rule on the Sri Menanti Confederacy (present-day Negeri Semblian, a state in the Federation of Malaysia) and Pahang (also a state in the Federation of Malaysia) in the late 1880s. The British sanctioned his annexation of Muar, a Malay principality nominally under the kingdom of Johor, following the death of Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah of Muar (reigned 1855–1877).

Abu Bakar outmaneuvered the governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir Frederick Weld (governed 1880–1887), by signing a treaty in 1885 with Britain, bypassing Weld and the British Colonial Office. Thereby Abu Bakar was recognized as sultan and an independent ruler. He established the Johor Advisory Board, a quasi-diplomatic representation, in London.

Abu Baker promulgated a written constitution in 1894, a code of laws, and a bureaucratic form of administration. Roads, schools, and hospitals were built. Europeans were engaged as legal and technical advisers to the government. The economy was developed in partnership with Chinese and European entrepreneurs and financiers. Having led an extravagant lifestyle with expensive Anglophile tastes and habits, he died in 1895, bequeathing to his son and successor Ibrahim his kingdom, an empty royal purse, and a hefty debt.

source: http://www.bookrags....u-bakar-ema-01/

Johor's modern history began with Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, the son of Temenggong Abdul Rahman, who was a descendant of Sultan Abdul Jalil IV of Johor. In 1855, under the terms of a treaty between the British in Singapore and Sultan Ali of Johor, control of the state was formally ceded to Dato` Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, who began to develop Johor. Land was opened to Chinese settlers from Singapore, and the cultivation of pepper was initiated, bringing Johor its initial economic base. The Temenggong was succeeded by his son, Dato' Temenggong Abu Bakar, who was formally crowned Sultan of Johor in 1866. Sultan Abu Bakar gave Johor its constitution, developed its modern administrative system, and constructed the Istana Besar--the official residence of the Sultan. He is known today as the Father of Modern Johor.

Source: http://www.geographi.../johistory.html

From the articles, what is the pro and con of his services ?

[Hang Li Po]

Interesting facts

* Johor is the only state which had been ruled by Sultans descended from three different dynasties, including the Sultanate of Malacca, Bendahara family and Temenggung family.

* Johor is the first state where Bugis immigrants from Sulawesi arrived. After that, they continued on to Melaka and Selangor. They had a powerful influence on the politics of Johor and Selangor.

* Johor is the only state, apart from Melaka, that has grown into an empire. During its peak, the whole of Pahang and the present day Indonesian territories of Riau archipelago and part of Sumatera Island was under Johor's rule.

* Johor sultanate is one of the two successor states of the Melaka empire. Upon Melaka's defeat to the Portuguese in 1511, the son of the last Sultan of Melaka, Sultan Mahmud Shah, had established a monarchy in Johor and had posed a constant threat to the Portuguese. The Sultanate of Perak was another successor state of Melaka which was established by the son of Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan Muzaffar Shah.

* The first radio broadcast in Malaya began in the year 1921 when A.L. Birch, an electrical engineer from the Johore Government brought the first radio set into the country. He then established the Johore Wireless Association and commenced broadcasting through 300 meter waves.

* Johor gave birth to the Malay opposition which derailed the Malayan Union plan. Malays under Dato' Onn Jaafar's leadership formed the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Johor on 11 May 1946. UMNO is currently the main component party of Malaysia's ruling Barisan Nasional coalition.

* Tanjung Kupang in Johor is also the site of the only crashed airliner (Malaysia Airlines Flight 653) hijacked from Kuala Lumpur.

* The designer of the Malaysian flag was Mohamad Hamzah, a Johorean.

* Tun Sri Lanang, the writer of 'Sejarah Melayu' or Malay Annals was born in Bukit Seluyut, Johor in 1565.

* Johor was the first state and currently the only state in Malaysia that has its own military force called Johor Military Force or 'Timbalan Setia Negeri'. It is considered a private army of the Sultan of Johor.

* Johor was the first state in Malaysia which adopted the constitutional monarchy system via Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Establishment Constitution) written by Sultan Abu Bakar.

* The Johorean slang of Malay language is adopted as the official slang and pronunciation of the national language.

* Many Johorean leaders were buried in Makam Pahlawan near Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur including Tun Dr Ismail, Tun Hussein Onn, Tan Sri Syed Jaabar Albar, Tan Sri Syed Nasir, Tun Sardon Jubir, Tan Sri Mohammad Noah and Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Yusuf.

Quote

* Johor was the first state and currently the only state in Malaysia that has its own military force called Johor Military Force or 'Timbalan Setia Negeri'. It is considered a private army of the Sultan of Johor.

This post has been edited by Hang Li Po: 10 May 2006 - 09:13 PM

[Genghis_Khan]

Quote

Tanjung Kupang in Johor is also the site of the only crashed airliner (Malaysia Airlines Flight 653) hijacked from Kuala Lumpur.

Did you said HIJACKED ?
Any details on this ? It sound interesting...

[Hang Li Po]

Genghis_Khan, on May 11 2006, 01:15 PM, said:

Did you said HIJACKED ?
Any details on this ? It sound interesting...

Dec 1977 A suspected lone member of the army hijacked Malaysia Airlines Flight 653. The flight was carrying the Cuban ambassador to Tokyo Mario Garcia.

http://www.worldstat.../Terrorist.html

[Genghis_Khan]

Hang Li Po, on May 11 2006, 06:41 PM, said:

Dec 1977 A suspected lone member of the army hijacked Malaysia Airlines Flight 653. The flight was carrying the Cuban ambassador to Tokyo Mario Garcia.

http://www.worldstat.../Terrorist.html

oic.. another jihad, good!!
Die for the course of Allah!!
May god bless the soul of it's innocent victims...
I wonder why terrorist today aren't men enough to fight his enemy face to face...
I think the ancient arabian were a better and more proud fighter than of the todays terrorist, atleast they do not kill the innocent people and feel proud of it...
I use to like the Memeluke, they are true heroes and fight with courage and die like a men of honour!!

[Hang Li Po]

Genghis_Khan, on May 12 2006, 02:21 AM, said:

oic.. another jihad, good!!
Die for the course of Allah!!
May god bless the soul of it's innocent victims...
I wonder why terrorist today aren't men enough to fight his enemy face to face...
I think the ancient arabian were a better and more proud fighter than of the todays terrorist, atleast they do not kill the innocent people and feel proud of it...
I use to like the Memeluke, they are true heroes and fight with courage and die like a men of honour!!

Tanjung Kupang Memorial