[Gubook Janggoon]

For both royal geneologies (Israel & Judah), a _ denotes reign date and name and a
- denotes a comment on that king.



http://en.wikipedia....ngdom_of_Israel


Kingdom of Israel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʾel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʾēl) according to the Bible, was the nation formed around 1021BC from the descendants of Jacob, son of Isaac, who was given the name Israel, meaning Struggles With God.

Following the death of King Solomon, c922BC, the realm was divided into a Northern Kingdom, known as Israel and a Southern Kingdom, known as Judah. See also History of ancient Israel and Judah.

Soon after the death of Solomon, the prophecy of Ahijah (1 Kings 11:31-35) was fulfilled with the division of the kingdom. Rehoboam, the son and successor of Solomon, was scarcely seated on his throne when the old jealousies between Judah and the other tribes broke out anew, and Jeroboam was sent for from Egypt by the malcontents (12:2,3).

Rehoboam insolently refused to lighten the burdensome taxation and services which his father had imposed on his subjects (12:4), and the rebellion became complete. The Tribe of Ephraim and all Israel raised the old cry, "Every man to his tents, O Israel" (2 Samuel 20:1). Rehoboam fled to Jerusalem (1 Kings 12:1-18; 2 Chronicles 10), and Jeroboam was proclaimed king over all Israel at Shechem, with the Tribe of Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin remaining faithful to Rehoboam. War continued, with varying success, between the two kingdoms for about sixty years, till Jehoshaphat allied himself with the house of Ahab by marrying his daughter Athaliah. The sons of Ahab were slaughtered by Jehu following his Coup d'état.

Extent of the Kingdom

The area of Solomon's kingdom, excluding the Phoenician territories on the shore of the Mediterranean, did not much exceed 34,000 km² (13,000 square miles). The kingdom of Israel comprehended about 24,000 km² (9,375 square miles). Shechem was the first capital of this kingdom (1 Kings 12:25), afterwards Tirza (14:17). Samaria was subsequently chosen as the capital (16:24), and continued to be so till the destruction of the kingdom by the Assyrians (2 Kings 17:5). During the siege of Samaria (which lasted for three years) by the Assyrians, Shalmaneser V died and was succeeded by Sargon II of Assyria, who himself thus records the capture of that city: "Samaria I looked at, I captured; 27,280 men who dwelt in it I carried away" (2 Kings 17:6) into Assyria. Thus after a duration of two hundred and fifty-three years the kingdom of the ten tribes came to an end. They were scattered throughout the East, and are known as the Lost ten tribes of Israel.

" Judah held its ground against Assyria for yet one hundred and twenty-three years, and became the rallying-point of the dispersed of every tribe, and eventually gave its name to the whole race. Those of the people who in the last struggle escaped into the territories of Judah or other neighbouring countries naturally looked to Judah as the head and home of their race. And when Judah itself was carried off to Babylon, many of the exiled Israelites joined them from Assyria, and swelled that immense population which made Babylonia a second Judah".

After the deportation of the ten tribes, the deserted land was colonized by various eastern tribes, whom the king of Assyria sent thither (Ezra 4:2, 10; 2 Kings 17:24-29).

The Kings of Israel

For this period, most historians follow either the chronology established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, both of which are shown below. All dates are BC.


Albright dates, Thiele dates,Common/Biblical name,Notes

The House of Saul

_c.1021–1000 Saul
- Killed in battle
_c.1000 Ish-boseth (Ishbaal)
- Assassinated


The House of David

_c.1000–962 David
- Son-in-law of Saul, brother-in-law of Ish-boseth
_c.962–c.922 Solomon
-Son of David by Bathsheba, his rights of succession were disputed by his older half-brother Adonijah
_c.922 Rehoboam
-Became king of Judah

Israel was divided into northern (Israel) and southern (Judah) kingdoms


The House of Jeroboam

_922–901, 931–910 Jeroboam I
_901–900 ,910–909 Nadab
-Assassinated
_900–877, 909–886 Baasha
_877–876 , 886–885 Elah
-Assassinated
_876, 885 Zimri
-Servant of Elah, ruled for 7 days
_876–869, 885–874 Omri
-Captain of the Hosts. "Khumri" in some foreign records, founder of a new dynasty.
_869–850 ,874–853 Ahab
-Sent troops against the Assyrians in the Battle of Karkar, 853; killed in siege
_850–849 ,853–852 Ahaziah
_849–842 ,852–841 Joram
-Assassinated

The House of Jehu

_842–815, 841–814 Jehu
-See Note 1
_815–801 ,814–798 Jehoahaz
_801–786,798–782 Jehoash(Joash)
-Jehoash paid tribute to King Adad-nirari III of Assyria (810–783).
_786–746, 782–753 Jeroboam II
-Israel at the height of its power
_746, 753 Zachariah
- Assassinated

The House of Jabesh

_745, 752 Shallum

The Last House of Israel

_745–738 ,752–742 Menahem
_738–737 ,742–740 Pekahiah
- Assassinated
_737–732 ,740–732 Pekah
-Assassinated
_732–722 ,732–722 Hoshea
-Deposed. See Note 2




Notes

1. Jehu: Considered by Theiele to be a contemporary of the Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (858–824) to whom he paid tribute to him. This is based on an inscription on The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III which says that Jehu son of Omri paid tribute. This dating is opposed by some because it disagrees with an earlier date required by a stricter reading of the biblical record. The dissenting scholars point out that all Israelite kings were called "son of Omri" whether they were of the Omrite dynasty or not, that the date of the inscription is in question, and that Assyrian kings frequently "stole" accomplishments from their predecessors to increase their own glory in the eyes of history. The obelisk is the earliest depiction of an Israelite in ancient history.

2. Hoshea: Paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser V (727–722) but rebelled in 725. Shalmaneser besieged the capital, Samaria, but died shortly before the fall of the city. His brother Sargon II (722–705) completed the siege with success in 722, making Judah the sole Hebrew kingdom. The ten tribes were exiled to other parts of the Assyrian Empire and never heard from again. A small group of people fled south to assimilate into Judah.

[Gubook Janggoon]

http://en.wikipedia....ingdom_of_Judah

Kingdom of Judah


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yəhûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah son of Jacob (Israel). The name Judah itself means Praise of God.

Judah is often referred to as the Southern Kingdom to distinguish it from the Northern Kingdom (being the Kingdom of Israel) after the division of the Kingdom. Its capital was Jerusalem. See History of ancient Israel and Judah.

When the disruption took place at Shechem, at first only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David. But very soon after the tribe of Benjamin joined the tribe of Judah, and Jerusalem became the capital of the new kingdom (Joshua 18:28), which was called the kingdom of Judah.

For the first sixty years the kings of Judah aimed at re-establishing their authority over the kingdom of the other ten tribes, so that there was a state of perpetual war between them. For the following eighty years there was no open war between them. For the most part they were in friendly alliance, co-operating against their common enemies, especially against Damascus. For about another century and a half Judah had a somewhat checkered existence after the termination of the kingdom of Israel till its final overthrow in the destruction of the temple (586 BC) by Nebuzar-adan, who was captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard (2 Kings 25:8-21).

The kingdom maintained a separate existence for three hundred and eighty-nine years. It occupied an area of 8,900 km² (3,435 square miles).

This article is about what the Bible says. For how this relates to history, see the Bible and history.

The kings of Judah

For this period, most historians follow either the chronology established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, both of which are shown below. All dates are BC.


Albright dates Thiele dates Common/Biblical Name Notes


_922–915, 931–913 Rehoboam
-Hitherto king of Israel
_915–913 , 913–911 Abijam
_913–873 ,911–870 Asah
_873–849 ,870–848 Jehoshaphat
_849–842 ,848–841 Jehoram
-Killed
_842–842 ,841–841 Achaziah
-Killed by Yehu, King of Israel
_842–837 ,841–835 Athaliah
-Queen Mother, wife of Jehoram; died in a coup
_837–800 ,835–796 Jehoash
-Killed by his servants
_800–783 ,796–767 Amaziah
-Assassinated
_783–742 ,767–740 Uzziah (Azariah)
-George Syncellus wrote that the First Olympiad took place in Uzziah's 48th regnal year
_742–735 ,740–732 Jotham
_735–715 ,732–716 Ahaz
-The Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III records he received tribute from Ahaz; compare 2 Kings 16:7-9; Fate unknown
_715–687 ,716–687 Hezekiah
-Contemporary with Sennacherib of Assyria, and Merodach-baladan of Babylon (but see note 1, below)
_687–642 ,687–643 Manasseh
_642–640 ,643–641 Amon
-Assassinated
_640–609 ,641–609 Josiah
-Died in battle against Necho II of Egypt.
_609 ,609 Jehoahaz(Ahaz)
_609–598, 609–598 Jehoiakim
-The Battle of Carchemish occurred in the fourth year of his reign (Jeremiah 46:2)
_598 , 598 Jehoiachin(Jeconiah)
-Perhaps reigned from March to May as 2 Chronicles 36:10 suggests. Called 'Jeconiah' in Jeremiah and Esther
_597–587, 597–586 Zedekiah
-The last king of Judah. Deposed, blinded and sent into exile; fate unknown. See note 2, below.




Notes:-

1. Hezekiah: contemporary with Sennacherib of Assyria, and Merodach-baladan of Babylon. There is some question whether these kings can provide a reliable synchronism for his reign: Al-Biruni and Bar-Hebraeus mention a "King Sennacherib the Less" as well. Furthermore, there was another king named Merodakh Baladan ben Baladan, also known as Mardokempad. (Ptolemy assumed, without any reason, that Mordac Empadus was contemporary with King Hezekiah.) These two Baladans remained pretenders during Sennacherib's reign, therefore it is not easy to identify their regnal years as Ptolemy attempted. According to Robert R. Newton (The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy, 1977), this ancient scholar frequently attributed some observations to certain years of some kings for the sake of simplicity in his tabulation, but those were not part of the original observations. Newton also asserts Ptolemy often contrived astronomical data in order to support his own theories.

2. Zedekiah: rebelled twice - in the first rebellion (597 BC), Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem, and took most of its leaders into exile. In the second rebellion (588–586 BC), Jerusalem was captured after a lengthy siege, the temple burnt, Zedekiah taken into exile and Judah was reduced to a province. Nebuchadnezzar had left Gedaliah as his governor, who was killed in one last revolt, and the few members of the ruling classes left from the kingdom of Judah took the prophets Jeremiah and Baruch with them as they fled to sanctuary in Egypt.