QUOTE (Sinsigel @ Feb 10 2008, 01:24 AM)

In his osprey books on Chinese army, C. Peers writes that Ming employed field artillery first during
15th century, and also mentions Qing field gun devised by Jesuits.
Unfortunately, he doesn't specifically mentions how they were employed, and his osprey books are the only
sources about Chinese army I have.
This might be a question too broad, but how did the armies of Ming/Qing employed field artillery?
Comparison with contemporary European ones might be interesting.
In Jinnan war (1399-1402) Yongle Emperor used cannons in field battles with loyalist's troops. He also used
huoche and
chongtong.
In 1529 the first implement of
folanjipao against Mongol troops is registered.
In 1593 Ming general Li Rusong defeated Japanese troops in Pyongyang battle using
da jiangjunpao.
In 1621 Nuerhachi issued a decree to have cannons, handgonnes and matchlocks in 1/3 of Manchu troops.
In 1626 Ming troops implemented
hongyipao against Manchu troops in Ningyuan and defeated them heavily (even Nuerhachi was wounded in the battle).
In 1631 Manchu started to cast their own
hongyipao employing Chinese craftsmen.
In 1652 Russian troops captured 2 iron cannons upon defeating Manchu troops in the battle near Achansk fortress (Amur region).
In 1681 Jesuits casted several hundreds of special artillery units for war in Yunnan (i.s.
jinlongpao,
mupao etc.).
In 1685 Manchu troops implemented their
hongyipao successfully against Russians in Albazin.
In 1690 Manchu troops defeated Oirad troops in Ulaan Butan battle using
hongyipao. But Oirads managed to captured and to destroy 3 big cannons.
And so on...