中国北方汉族的父系遗传组成：
　　北方九地区，甘肃，河北河南辽宁大连内蒙赤峰山东莱州济南陕西西安礼泉新疆，未标地区者为省会，共计558人
　　典型阿尔泰，小黑人H1－－－－－－－－－－44
　　典型氐羌，小黑人H2＋H3－－－－－－－－－16
　　广义高加索H4＋H14 －－－－－－－－－－－55
　　早期泛亚欧人种H5－－－－－－－－－－－－92
　　典型羌汉H6＋H8 －－－－－－－－－－－－300
　　典型苗蛮H7－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 0
　　典型东夷百越H9＋H10－－－－－－－－－－ 23
　　典型濮H11＋H12－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 6
　　来自西伯利亚H13－－－－－－－－－－－－ 22
　　羌出现两次是因为现代羌介乎氐汉之间。
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patrilineal heredity of northern han chinese
9 regions,ganshu,hebei,henan,niaoning,inner mongolia,shandong,shanxi,xinjiang
sum to 558

　　typical altaian H1－－－－－－－－－－44
　　typical di&qiang H2＋H3－－－－－－－－－16
　　generalized Caucasoid H4＋H14 －－－－－－－－－－－55
　　forepart extensive asia-europe H5－－－－－－－－－－－－92
　　typical qiang&han H6＋H8 －－－－－－－－－－－－300
　　typical miao H7－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 0
　　typical dongyi&baiyue H9＋H10－－－－－－－－－－ 23
　　typical pu H11＋H12－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 6
　　from Siberian H13－－－－－－－－－－－－ 22


中国南方汉族的父系遗传组成：
　　南方13地区，安徽福建长汀广东广西Tianlin湖北湖南江西江苏上海四川云南昆明Huize浙江，共计731人
　　 典型阿尔泰，小黑人H1－－－－－－－－－－44
　　　　典型氐羌，小黑人H2＋H3－－－－－－－－－10
　　　　广义高加索H4＋H14 －－－－－－－－－－－11
　　　　早期泛亚欧人种H5－－－－－－－－－－－ 105
　　　　典型羌汉H6＋H8 －－－－－－－－－－－－396
　　　　典型苗蛮H7－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－16
　　　　典型东夷百越H9＋H10－－－－－－－－－－ 92
　　　　典型濮H11＋H12－－－－－－－－－－－－－46
　　　　来自西伯利亚H13－－－－－－－－－－－－ 11

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patrilineal heredity of southern han chinese
13 regions,sum to 731

typical altaian H1－－－－－－－－－－44
　　typical di&qiang H2＋H3－－－－－－－－－10
　　generalized Caucasoid H4＋H14 －－－－－－－－－－－11
　　forepart extensive asia-europe H5－－－－－－－－－－－－105
　　typical qiang&han H6＋H8 －－－－－－－－－－－－396
　　typical miao H7－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 16
　　typical dongyi&baiyue H9＋H10－－－－－－－－－－ 92
　　typical pu H11＋H12－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 46
　　from Siberian H13－－－－－－－－－－－－ 11

I don't understand what these figures mean? Can you explain?

Ah, so these numbers are the number of people who possess that heredity feature.
Why is it interesting? Han and Qiang are closely related and all Han Chinese share some common genetic features no matter where they are from. Maybe this is an interesting evidence to refute the argument of people like like2learn.

it'd be more interesting to hear how they arrived at those numbers.

True. I saw an article on Peking University's forum that also seems to be crass..

Most lineages rose before the onset of any modern ethnic groups. Even if that wasn't the case, no single ethnic group has only one lineage. That unheard of. It's inbreeding. It calls for an utter lack of imagination and abstract thought to simply assume discrete races, lineages, ethnic groups.

still curious about M119.
Taiwanese aboriginals had a lot of it.
People living in Shanghai suburbs are the most similar to Taiwanese aboriginals outside of Taiwan.

IMO, the M119 lineage started around Shangdong/northern coast, because it still is present there. People usually moved south, so it is unlikely a result of moving up north. Its age is estimated ~10,000. I think it's pre-Austronesian but it probably had something to do with the coastal peoples, which Austronesian is most likely derived from. Even to this day, it's only found along the coast. The % of the Chinese coast could be viewed as remnants, while Taiwan and the Phillippines have the most of it. The parts in the rest of SE Asia are likely either remnants (such as of Cham in Vietnam) or dilluted, such as in Indonesia, where they share a lot of lineages with the Australo-Melanesians, while on the Malay penninsular area lineages are shared with Tai-Kadai/Austroasiatic/Tibeto-Burmans.

M119 is derived from M175/hap group O, which is the main ancestor of neolithic/agricultural expansionists in China and SE Asia. The irony is that while many Chinese look more Japanese than they would a Phillippino, on the father's side, Chinese are way more related to Phillippinos than to Japanese. Why this disharmony? The best way to explain it is that the Austronesians admixed with the aborigines of SE Asia.

This is evidence that the Han is indeed an ethnic group rather than just a cultural group.

here is a picture of a Shanghai who looks like a Taiwanese:

Are you sure that guy is not a migrant worker or outsider (外地人)? There are 4-6 million migrant workers in Shanghai. He sure looks like a non-native, though no one is positive until they speak. The people behind him look native Shanghainese though.

Shanghai street scenes:

Isn't the top right part one of your previous avatars?

More photos (Shanghaining New Years 2005 party):






















shanghainese = northern chinese, southern chinese, both or neither?

In patrilinear heredity, certainly most of Han will have Han Y gene.
Supposed Sino and Tibetan are from the same ancestor so most of them should have same genetic components.



So M122 is Chinese? (According to your map)
Tai Kadai and Austroasiatic is with Tibeto-Burman? How about Chinese?
It seems that many BaiYue have Chinese heredity. Malayic tribes are the most different among Mongoloids, so I'm sure that they're mixed with non-Mongoloids, probably Australo-Melanesians.

i read somewhere that the hans dynasty exiled the aboriginals of what is now Fukien province to shanghai island... and the aboriginals of fukien were austronesians as were the taiwanese aboriginals.... by the way... what is M119????? In english please... i did not take any genetics paper....

.....this place is crowded

I guess M119, etc. are types of Y-gene, which inherited from father to son and to no one else.

By the way, the names provided here seems using different convention? It makes me confused as which Y-gene in the chart it's actually referring.

This paper documents all the past/obsolete nomenclatures used and "translates" for you: http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/12/2/339
Of course you have to know what system is being used, which I don't think it says in the source John provided. I can prolly figure it out by looking at it carefully but why bother.


John, can you give a link to this?

Have you got any info on thethe maternal hereditary in modern han chinese women ; i want to know!!